It is the national monument of the Republic of Indonesia, built to commemorate the struggle for Indonesian independence. The National Monument is a 132 meters (433 feet) tower in the center of Merdeka Square, Jakarta, symbolizing the fight for Indonesia. The park is a synopsis of Indonesian culture, with virtually all aspects of daily life in Indonesia’s 26 (in 1975) provinces encapsulated in separate pavilions with the collections of rumah adat as the example of Indonesian vernacular architecture, clothing, dances and traditions are all depicted impeccably. It has an area of about 100 hectares (250 acres). Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII) or “Beautiful Indonesia Miniature Park” (literally translated) is a culture-based recreational area. Since the turn of the century, the people of Jakarta have witnessed a period of political stability and prosperity, along with another construction boom. The third was the development of modern Jakarta since the proclamation of independence in 1945.

The “new city” to the south evolved between 18 after the Dutch government took over control of Batavia from the failed VOC whose charter expired in 1799. The “old city”, close to the sea in the north, developed between 16 during the era of the VOC. The Dutch, under the leadership of Jan Pieterszoon Coen, captured and razed the city in 1619, after which the capital of the Dutch East Indies-a walled township named Batavia-was established on the site.

The city’s official history, however, starts in 1527, when the sultan of Bantam defeated the Portuguese there and called the place Jayakerta. The first settlements on the site of Jakarta were established at the mouth of the Ciliwung, perhaps as early as the 5th century AD. The name “Jakarta” derives from the word Jayakarta which is derived from the Sanskrit jaya (victorious) and krta (accomplished, acquired), thus Jayakarta translates as “victorious deed,” “complete act” or “complete victory.” The city has average elevation of 8 meters (26 feet) above sea level.

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